Research Report on Coal Activated Carbon Market

Table of Content

Chapter One. General Introduction		5
Section one. Definition	5
Section two. General introduction	5
Chapter Two.. Developing Trend of Technology	7
Section one. Raw material selection and technology process	7
1. Raw material coal selection	7
2. Technology process	7
3. Condition selection	8
Section two. Application in purifying drinking water	9
1. Combined technology of Chlorine activated carbon	10
2. Bio-activated carbon	10
3. Technology combined activated carbon and ultra filtration 11
Section three. Promotion and application of compressing and molding technology of coal 
activated carbon	12
1. General introduction 	12
2. Production process control13
3. Application of activated carbon coal press	14
Section four   Exploration of granular activated carbon too conditions of carbonization technique
1. Carbonization equipment	14
2. Analysis on raw material industry	15
3. Factors affecting quality of carbonization material	15
Section five   Examination on  Datong Coal Preparation of low-acid-soluble iron activated 
Carbon Industry	18
1. Testing plans	18
2. Results and discussion	19
3. Conclusion	21
Section six   Evaluation and analysis on activated carbon using in depth of drinking water	21
1.Preface	21
2、Establishment fo aviation system	21
3、The establishment of the Shanghai water with granular activated carbon technology Coal
 general specification	23
4、Conclusion	24
Section seven   Research on coal preparation of activated carbon used in the reagent inquiry 25
1、Preparation	25
2、Performance test	25
Chapter Three   Summary on Markets at home and abroad	27
Section one   Analysis and forecast on market	27
Section two   Analysis and forecast on output	27
Section three   Analysis and forecast on demand volume	30
Section four   Application development in high-tech area of activated carbon	30
Section five   Analysis and forecast on supply and demand	31
Section six Price analysis	33
Section seven: Sales analysis	33
Chapter Four Introduction of Domestic Producers	43
One. Shanxi Xinhua Chemical Co. Ltd	43
Two. Datong Yunguang Activated Carbon Co. Ltd	43
Three. Datontg Huibao Activated Carbon Co. Ltd.	44
Four. Shanxi Huairen Huanyu Purifying Material Co. Ltd.	45
Five. Datong Fenghua Activated Carbon Co. Ltd.	45
Six. Datong Tianzhao Activated Carbon Co. Ltd.	46
Seven. Shanghai Carbonized Material Co. Ltd	46
Eight. Shanghai Activated Carbon Co. Ltd.	46
Nine. Datong Juqiang Activated Carbon Co. Ltd.	47
Ten. Xinfeng Tairong Activated Carbon Co. Ltd.	47
Eleven. Hangzhou Hengxing Activated Carbon Co. Ltd.	47
Twelve. Kaihua Xingda Chemical Co. Ltd	47
Thirteen. Ningxia Lanbaihei Activated Carbon Co. Ltd.	48
Fourteen. Huatai Activated Carbon Co. Ltd. Ebian, Sichuan	48
Fifteen. Suichang Xishun Carbon Co. Ltd.	48
Sixteen. Dahebei Activated Carbon Factory, Lingyuan City, Liaoning	48
Seventeen. Shanghai Jinhu Activated Carbon Co. Ltd.	48
Eighteen. Longyan Wanan Activated Carbon Co. Ltd.	49
Nineteen. Fujian Jianyang Carbon Factory	49
Twenty. Jiangxi Huaiyushan Activated Carbon Group	49
Twenty-One. Xinxin Purifying Material Co. Ltd. Jiaocheng, Shanxi	49
Chapter Five Domestic Proposed and Constructed Projects	51
One. Profiles of coal based activated carbon project of Shenhua Group Ningxia with an annual
 output of 50,000 tons	51
Two. Proposed project of 10,000 tons coal based activated carbon of Shenmu county	51
Three. Proposed Activated Carbon Production Line of 20,000 tons annually in
 Shizuishan City, Ningxia	52
Chapter Six Dealers	54
One. Hunan Shennan Industrial and Trade Co. Ltd	54
Two. Shandong Huanyuan Trade Co. Ltd	54
Three. Beijing Fenglijingqiu Trade Co. Ltd.	54
Four. Zhejiang Tongchun Industrial and Trade Co. Ltd.	54
Five. Hebei Zhitong Chemical Co. Ltd	55
Six. Jiangsu Fangzhou Chemical Co. Ltd.	55
Seven. Hangzhou Sanwei Chemical Co. Ltd	55
Eight. Zhonghua Guangzhou Trade Co. Ltd.	55
Nine. Zhengzhou Lianhe Chemical Co. Ltd.	55
Ten. Quzhou Taiwan Compatriots Investment Trade Co. Ltd.	56
Eleven. Zhonghua International Co. Ltd.	56
Twelve. China Wukuang Group	56
Chapter Seven Analysis on Oversea Market	57
Section one. Introduction	57
Section two. Asia	57
Section three. EU	60
Section four   NAFTA	60
Chapter Eight. General Introduction of Oversea Producers and Importers 	63
1.Norit	63
2.TRITHIN PRODUCTS LIMITED	63
3.ISCA UK Ltd.	63
4.Mertas Su Aritma Filtrasyon Medikal Sistemler Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Sti.	63
5.Pica S.A.	64
6.ARNSPERGER	64
7.BUFA Chemikalien GmbH & Co. KG	64
8.Island Pyrochemical Industries	64
9.JCI Jones Chemicals Inc.	64
10.ResinTech	65
11.Kowa American Corp.	65
12.INDIAN OVERSEAS CORPORATION	65

Chapter One Summary

Section one Definition

Activated carbon is a kind of black powder or Porous crystalline particles. Molecular Formula : C; MW : 12.011; melting point : 3652 ℃ . Boiling Point : 4827 ℃ 3652 ℃ sublimation. And a porous structure of the gas, steam or colloidal solids strong adsorption ability of carbon. Per gram of the total surface area of up to 500-1000 square meters. 1.9~2.1 density. 0.08~0.45 about the apparent density. 10%~98% carbon content. Many uses, sugar, oil, glycerol, alcohol, drugs Decolorization purification, solubilization economic recovery, gas absorption, separation and purification, Chemical synthesis of catalysts and catalytic processes. According to the different uses can be made of powdered and granular. According to the raw materials for the production of activated carbon, we are usually divided into coal and carbon two. Coal activated carbon, based on coal as raw material manufacture of activated carbon, is usually used carbon dioxide gas or steam activation, products to the granular shape, and its pore size distribution in porous majority, Adsorption is more suitable for liquid and gas phase molecular weight and molecular diameter of the smaller material, Adsorption performance indicators usually methylene blue adsorption value and the value of iodine adsorption said

Section two Summary

Coal AC microcrystalline structure, complete with microcrystalline irregular, Crystals are microporous (radius less than 20[ Egypt ] =10-10 meters), the transition pore (radius of 20 to 1000) microporous (1000~100000 radius), it has great inner surface; specific surface area 500~ 1700 m2 /g. This decision is good coal quality activated carbon adsorption; it adsorbs the exhaust and metal ions, harmful gases organic pollutants, and coloring. Industrial application of activated carbon from coal also requires mechanical strength, wear resistance, and it sought to stabilize the structure. Small adsorption energy needed to help regeneration.

Coal Activated Carbon is a black powdery, granular or pill-like amorphous carbon is porous, the main ingredients of carbon, also contain a small amount of oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine. Graphite is also kind of fine structure; the grain is smaller, irregular layers piled up. With the larger surface area (500 -1000 m2 /g), a strong adsorption in its surface adsorbed gases, liquids or colloidal solids; For gas, liquid, adsorbed material may be closer to the quality of the activated carbon quality. Its selective adsorption, the non-polar material than polar adsorbed material more easily. In the same series of material, the higher the boiling point of the material more easily absorbed, the greater the pressure the more low temperature greater concentration, Adsorption is. Instead, decompression, warming up to the gas desorption. Early production of activated carbon materials for timber, along with animal or hard shell and later used mainly coal, pyrolysis, to be activated after treatment. Coal production of activated carbon method: steam, gas activation method. The use of steam or carbon dioxide between 850 ~ 900 ° C activated carbon with chemical activation method. Use activator release of gas, or activator dipping raw materials, high temperature treatment can be activated carbon. Medicine often activated carbon as antidiarrheal medicine attached. Absorb the chemical irritant and gastrointestinal various harmful substances. After serving reduce intestinal contents of the intestinal wall to stimulate and reduce the pain. For the treatment of gastrointestinal gas, diarrhea and food poisoning, wood, bamboo, fruit shell, along with animal and animal blood, peat, coal can be priced as the manufacture of activated carbon materials. Carbon can be used superheated steam, chlorine, ammonia or common air heating to high temperature activation, no carbonation or raw zinc chloride, - ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. after soaking in cold carbonation, and then burned activation obtained. Purification of carbon is activated with acid or alkali.

Coal activated carbon used mainly for the following aspects. 1. Gas purification: for example, the use of activated carbon containing solvent vapor from the air recycling solvents; using activated carbon filter air deodorizer; or for industrial use gas masks and respirators, defense and other toxic substances; 2. Gas separation : for example from the city of benzene gas recovery, the recovery of natural gas from gasoline, propane and butane. Treatment for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of emissions is for the recovery of hydrocarbons; 3. Liquid adsorption : for example in the sugar industry using activated carbon adsorption make sugar bleaching, in the chemical industry using activated carbon organic material decolorization with activated carbon electroplating bath purification of organic impurities Electroplating surface to ensure the quality, or for phenol from wastewater; 4. Catalyst or catalyst carrier: for example, the industrial gas desulfurization and phosgene production of the catalyst. Therefore, the coal is widely used activated carbon sugar, wine processing, oil refining, pharmaceuticals, reagents, metals, clean water, environmental protection, Solvent recovery steam and other various aspects.

Chapter Two Developing Trend of Technology

Section one Material selection and process in production of coral activated carbon

In the early 20th century, activated Carbon has entered into industrial production, as adsorption materials, environmental protection, food, light, pharmaceutical, and other industries increasingly large amount of the catalyst and the carrier also has wider application. China 's production of activated carbon has increased rapidly in recent years, but most of the poor quality varieties, especially in high-grade varieties of some new varieties of a serious shortage of production capacity, or even blank. Activated carbon industry has a unified trade body to guide the market, manufacturers of activated carbon conflicts. Most low level implementation of the road is through the huge oil production to capture the market. Development of new products, production and management level are seriously lagging behind. While China 's low level of activated carbon products resulted in a significant increase in exports, which some foreign high-tech companies to become cheap "raw materials." High activated carbon other imports have grown significantly in recent years, domestic manufacturers are gradually coming to understand that only high grade product line, increasing the variety of products that satisfy the new domestic and international market demand, Progress can enhance their competitive edge.

According to the production of activated carbon materials can be divided into different wood charcoal and coal burning charcoal. According to the activating agent can be divided into different physical and chemical methods activated carbon activated carbon, According to the different shape can be divided into active carbon powder and granular activated carbon. China in the quality of activated carbon as the lack of raw materials, production constraints; Coal activated carbon as rich in resources and stability, prices are extremely cheap by manufacturers attach great importance to it.

1 、 Selection of raw coal

In the production of activated carbon, the raw coal is very important in choosing. Coal varieties and different in nature, the process and product quality is not the case. According to the original plant's production process and coal, and coal ash content, carbon content and the different bond, coal can be divided into: peat, lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite.

When Choosing to produce activated carbon materials, we must consider coal ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon content and caking, and other factors. Mainly ash, the production of high quality activated carbon, coal ash should be within 3% to 5%, A production of activated carbon coal ash in e'31 range. If more coal ash to produce char, need 90q2 hydrochloric acid solution after soaking for a few hours washing drying and to reduce ash. Granular activated carbon manufacturing, especially spherical activated carbon, the use of coal must be of a bond, A coal coke mass index is about 4 or plasticity index in 16mm approximately. Another volatile coal product is the carbon effect on the activity. Volatile too volatile compounds heating will lead to expansion of coal and char inappropriate activation; Volatiles too low, not through activation of the further development of the original pore structure can not be made with high carbon activity. Production of volatile commonly is using by 25% of the coal suitable.

Granular activated carbon manufacturing but also the use of adhesives, adhesive make coal easily forming, and to improving the speed of said block, help to enhance the strength of carbon. The adhesive is used molasses, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose pulp and sulfite waste liquor, and other hydrophilic binder.

2 、 Process

According to the quality of raw material and quality and types of coal activated carbon, the processes are different:

2.1 Production process of broken charcoal activated carbon

The raw coal is produced by crushing, screening after charring and carbonized material sent activation. Activated screen size that is qualified to become granular activated carbon products, screen-under, made by the milling powder activated carbon.

2.2 Production process of massive man-made activated carbon

To meet market activated carbon products to the different needs, broaden manufacturing activated carbon raw coal varieties producers vigorously develop massive man-made activated carbon production technology. The need for coal handling degeneration, the massive commercial activated carbon common shapes flake, cylindrical and spherical shape by the molding process equipment and the decision to die. The remaining work is basically the same. Raw coal by the various process requirements to conduct mixed. Then smash the fine to a certain degree, add the appropriate binder and water Kneading after molding, after drying, sieving, After carbonization and activation of activated carbon products massive.

3、 Selection of conditions

3.1 The crushing of raw coal

The aim is to smash large pieces of raw coal crushing technology requirements into small pieces. Usually crusher will be broken into coal piece diameter of about 10mm blocks.

3.2 Milling of coal chunk

Coal chunk Mill seeks to make the homogenization of raw materials, increasing the appearance of the area, in the water and the presence of adhesive generated interface Kneading chemical cohesive, easy molding, which can be used for the milling equipment, vibrating mill, Raymond mill and the jet mill, and so on. In the industrial conditions of the permit, as far as possible with some fine raw coal, the general requirements of 200 mesh size in the following.

3.3 Kneading and crushing

Through kneading processes, coal, adhesives and water mixed calendar prorated to obtain dense homogeneous mixture. Kneading often used two: the first with spiral vane kneaders; and the second screw extruder. Time interval of kneading is about 40 minutes. Currently some new Kneading Machine, you can use. Kneading expected to be broken solutions, Kneading can be removed when the flakes, otherwise it may affect molding (compression, Pressure-ball or create) quality. Kneading when the volume of water to manipulate the ball a direct impact raw coal finer, the requirements of the water, the greater allow the more narrow scope. Kneading the information needed to strictly control water, usually wear.

3.4 Molding

Molding is designed to process powdered coal into the required shape. Compression or pressure column is to meet the requirements of the coal particles, in a certain pressure, hydraulic pressure or roller machine, using certain shape extrusion die, and then zigzag broken machine broken, and the roll grinding machine further grinded to the precision dimensions. By screening, excessive particle recycling in the grinding machine, small particles smash by another cycle in the production process.

3.5 Balling

A used DISC-ball machine is at ambient temperature and pressure made under the ball, because with DISC-ball machine can create a uniform ball Drive, roundness really high briquettes. Disc adjust the speed and tilt of the preparation of raw materials, to be adjusted to the size of the ball diameter, Get out to meet the requirements diameter spherical expected, the ball made when joining some weak bond or incoherent charcoal powder dry, Bond avoid the ball, and as the ball made the core facilitate bowls. Carbonization and activation process particle size decreases, forming stage, Technology particles must exceed the requirements of the final product size.

3.6 Carbonization

Carbonization is under certain conditions, the heat treatment to remove the gas, tar and shaping it into secondary pore structure, charring activated carbon production process is a very important process, charring the results will have a direct impact on the quality of the activated carbon. Carbonization speed is the warming effect of carbon mechanical strength. Warming up too fast, volatile escape lot in a short period of time will cause the carbon packing density decreased and intensity decrease Guitar caused thermographs, and the expansion cracks, so to avoid charring when rapid warming. According to the information reported, more fluidity of coal it is appropriate to the slower pace of warming. fluidity smaller coal used to the faster pace of warming.

3.7 Activation

Activation is the use of gas for the oxidation reaction of carbon, charcoal surface erosion, for the activation of gas is water vapor, carbon dioxide and oxygen, and so on. Steam activation method and activation process are to ensure that it does not happen charred particles on the surface. Rationally regulate the activation temperature, the amount of water vapor and activation time, made suitable for the different uses of activated carbon. In the activation of a certain temperature, combining with steam supply increase. Activation time can be shortened; activation temperature can rise to reduce steam consumption and activation time. Activation of the equipment is used with converter or boiling furnace. Technology is activated temperature : 820 ° C scales ℃ , the burning rate of about 50%.

Section two The purification function of coal activated carbon in drinking water

China is now facing a growing shortage of water resources and water pollution situation worsening situation, This paper discusses the use of coal in China activated carbon adsorption method for purifying drinking water of the importance, urgency and feasibility and introduced the world's water purification mature and emerging technologies.

With China 's social and steady economic development, drinking water volume demand continues to increase, the quality of drinking water have become increasingly demanding. As our sewage treatment capacity of low pollutant emissions increase, So the current and future quite a long period of time urban water problems facing the problem of water quality. According to China's seven major river systems and inland rivers 110 Reach important statistics, in line with the "surface water quality standard," I, Class II 32%, accounting for 29% of the Class belonging IV, V category accounted for 39%. Especially organic pollution, Eliminate the Stink from the toxic substances pollution, oil pollution, eutrophication, radioactive pollution, one-time water has detected organic pollutants as high as 100 species (some of which are carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic effects of organic pollutants). Drinking water pollution, causing deterioration of the quality of drinking water for urban and rural residents poses a serious health threat. Using the traditional water purification process (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection). no existing water quality and continuously improve the drinking water quality standards compatible. Therefore, we should actively explore new technologies, new techniques, to solve the water pollution problem in urgent need.

Currently the world's most complete water purification technology is coal activated carbon adsorption. Coal activated carbon is a porous material containing carbon is the most abundant and micropore volume and huge surface area. show good adsorption properties. China is the world's largest coal producer and activated carbon export, Coal activated carbon adsorption as a drinking water purification my main choice. Currently, the mainstream international coal activated carbon adsorption is the following:

1 、 Combined technology of Chlorine activated carbon

Ozone activated carbon technology in 1961 in Germany AmAtard Waterworks first use. Taking into account the treatment of activated carbon used in a more effective removal of small organic molecules. But for the removal of organic macromolecules very limited; when the water content of organic macromolecules more bound to activated carbon adsorption surface accelerated saturated, not fully utilized, shorten cycle. If the influent oxidized by ozone and water decomposition of organic macromolecules small state, aromatic compounds such as ozone oxidation can be opened benzene ring, long chain of macromolecular compounds can be oxidized into short-chain small molecules. This increased access to organic microporous activated carbon within the possibility of giving full play to the surface of the adsorbent to extend the use of activated carbon cycle. Ozone has also played an active carbon which has the effect. And activated carbon adsorption can effectively ozone oxidation process the large number of intermediate product including solving the ozone can not be removed from tri-halomethanes and its precursor substances, and to ensure that the final effluent biological stability. Therefore, the use of ozone-activated carbon technology since 1961 started to use, in developed countries of the world have been widely applied. Its process is shown in the figure 1.

2 、 Technology of biological activated carbon(BAC)

BAC technology is the carbon in drinking water treatment and the use of large quantities of, Germany first used in the Munich Dohne water. Pilot-scale production and application was in 1977 and began in 1978. Test results demonstrated that pre-ozonation BAC process after the water is better than the original pre-chlorination activated carbon adsorption. In some other European countries the drinking water treatment operation has been confirmed. BAC technology used, with the original single use activated carbon adsorption process, the effluent quality to be improved, also increased the water solubility of organics removal. Thereby reducing the chloride after the chlorine dosage, reducing the trihalomethanes quantity produced, and the extension of the regeneration of activated carbon cycle and reduce operational costs. BAC on the mechanism of organic matter, can be seen as physical adsorption and biodegradation simple portfolio. With granular activated carbon as the carrier concentration and inhibit the formation of biofilm. Biofilm through the biodegradation of the adsorbent and the removal of contaminants from water, Meanwhile biofilm through the degradation of activated carbon adsorption and regeneration of activated carbon pollutants, thus greatly extend the use of activated carbon cycle. Use of the technology for deep treatment of drinking water, the prerequisite is normally should avoid pre-chlorination. Otherwise microorganisms can grow on activated carbon, lose BAC biological oxidation.

3 、 Technology combined activated carbon and ultrafiltration

Ultrafiltration membrane filtration advanced water treatment processes in recent years developed a new technology, the significant advantage of the effective removal of pathogens (such as Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts and Escherichia coli). Ultrafiltration membranes for the removal of organics depend on the quality of raw water and the membrane pore size, in the larger context of change. In the application of ultrafiltration process, the most important thing is obstructive and membrane fouling problem. Water organics, inorganics, suspended solid particles, micro-organisms and colloidal material. in the surface membrane and membrane-hole cumulative damage to the performance of membranes and membrane greatly shorten the life expectancy. Activated carbon and ultrafiltration membrane composition of a single system to overcome any means of a deal with the weaknesses, If activated carbon from the water often contain a certain amount of bacteria in the water and affect the water quality ultrafiltration membranes were blocked and there fouling problems. In a combination system, the use of activated carbon to the flooded necessary before treatment, such as the removal of most of the turbidity, various types of organic compounds and color. Removal of these substances for the follow-up of membrane filtration to provide the necessary support, thereby alleviating the congestion and membrane fouling, extend the service life of the film. Membrane for reprocessing effectively solved to a certain volume of water containing bacteria, the protection of water quality. Except these, there are also other new technologies, such as:

Photo-oxidation technology

Photo-oxidation technology is used in the visible or ultraviolet irradiation under the complex reaction. The technology is characterized by strong oxidation, organic removal efficiency, Water organic priority pollutants such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, hexachlorobenzene and PCBs and so on, can be effectively decomposed. From the 80s of the last century, the technology of the scope of the study was extended to water depth processing areas in the purification of drinking water depth has good prospects. At present, the technology is still in the laboratory and pilot stage.

Acoustic cavitations technology

15KHZ over the frequency ultrasonic irradiation was caused by chemical change called cavitations effects. Super-cavitations effect refers to the water in small nuclear ultrasonic bubble under magnified, the performance of the nuclear bubble oscillation, growth, Contraction and the collapse of a series of dynamic processes. Ultrasound technology is the use of sound solutions to water organisms into CO2, H2O, inorganic ions and organic acids, and other ingredients. This technology is less pollution or pollution-free, and the advantages of simple equipment, but also accompanied by disinfection effectiveness, is a promising potential treatment technology.

Stripping technology

Stripping water is not exposed as a continuous phase to the air; and the use of water compounds the actual concentration and balance between the concentration difference volatile components will constantly by the proliferation of liquid gas, to the removal of volatile organic compounds purposes. The United States Environmental Protection Association (USEPA) designated as volatile organic compounds removed most feasible technology (BAT).

Silver activated carbon technology

Silver activated carbon technology in water purification process, the silver-activated carbon slowly release traces of silver ions. Bacteria is to enter the body and cause death to purify the water quality objectives.

From the above analysis it is not hard to see that all drinking water depth approach, the basic mechanism is simply adsorption, disinfection, oxidation, Biodegradable and filtration. As water pollution is worsening, no single method of water purification people have been unable to meet the water quality requirements, According to different sources of water quality using both effective and economical combination. But whatever the method, coal activated carbon adsorption is the important and indispensable means.

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